Description
The RO membrane separation process reduces the total dissolved solids concentration from 242 mg/l in feed water to less than 4 mg/l in product water corresponding to an average salt rejection of 98%. The RO unit uses thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes in spiral-wound configuration. The single-pass RO system is a two-stage (6:4) membrane array designed to achieve a product water recovery (PWR) of 75% (53 m3/h permeate/70 m3/h feed). The design is based on membrane manufacturer’s projections given in Table 4.1. The RO high-pressure pump transfers water to the RO membrane array at 70 m3/h and 16.7 bar g (total delivery head or TDH). The permeate flows to the RO product water tank at 53 m3/h, and the reject flows to the water reuse tank at 17 m3/h. During start-up the RO skid inlet pneumatic valve opens automatically, and RO pretreated water starts flowing to the RO pump. The membranes are flushed for 60 s at line pressure, and the permeate is diverted to the water reuse tank. When the RO high-pressure pump inlet pressure exceeds the minimum permissible value (see Table 4.5), the RO high-pressure pump starts. Initially, the permeate is diverted to the water reuse tank for a few minutes to allow the product water conductivity to drop below the maximum permissible value. At the end of the quality rinse phase, the RO permeate is diverted to the RO product water storage tank via the service valve. The permeate service and divert valves are controlled manually (automatic valves are also used). RO membrane start-up and post-shutdown flushing are recommended by membrane manufacturers.
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